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Repeat Influenza Vaccination Effects in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in a Community-Based Cohort in Hong Kong

Repeated influenza vaccination has been associated with attenuated immune responses and reduced clinical effectiveness. Most studies have focused on the responses at 30 days post-vaccination. As influenza did not circulate in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic, we were able to investigate vaccine responses in the absence of infections.