Is it bad, is it good, or is IgG4 just misunderstood?
February 7 2024
Abstract
Repeated doses of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 result in increased proportions of anti-spike antibodies of the IgG4 subclass, which are known to neutralise well and to form mixed immune complexes with IgG1 but, in a pure form, might be less effective than IgG1 or IgG3 antibodies in facilitating opsonisation by phagocytes, complement fixation, and NK cell–dependent elimination of infected cells (see related Research Article by Irrgang et al.).
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